The silent challenge and worsening impact of Low-pathogenic avian influenza in broiler projects
Dr. Hashem Kamash /Chief Consultant Agricultural Engineer
Introduction . Although low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) is classified as a less dangerous virus compared to highly pathogenic forms, it has become a troubling and burdensome guest in broiler projects, especially in light of the increasing rates of health and environmental challenges in most projects. Although many projects follow health measures and preventive programs, infections persist, raising questions about the efficiency of managing this issue and the need to review policies to limit its spread. This virus is no longer a challenge that can be ignored, but rather has become part of the daily suffering of broiler farmers. The neglect of official veterinary authorities to address this threat exacerbates the crisis. Therefore, real scientific and institutional intervention is required to regain control of the situation and reduce the accumulated losses that threaten national food security and the sustainability of this vital sector.
- Nature of the disease and its associated challenges
The H9N2 influenza virus (the most common low-pathogenic type currently prevalent in poultry projects) is characterized by causing respiratory symptoms. Mild to moderate, but its real danger lies in its occasional association with other respiratory diseases such as Newcastle disease (ND), bronchitis (IB), and even with Gumboro, which leads to a doubling of the number of deaths. In addition to its immunological effects, which weaken the response to other vaccines, it also causes decreased production performance, delayed growth, poor feed conversion ratios, and increased mortality rates, even in seemingly healthy flocks.
- Reasons for its continued spread despite vaccination
Despite the availability of relatively effective oil-based vaccines against H9, there is a high virus challenge in the surrounding environment due to the accumulation of mortalities and their mismanagement. The weakening of the bird’s immune system due to stress factors (high temperature, inadequate ventilation, high density) is also a cause. The use of vaccines from unreliable sources and those not provided with appropriate storage conditions may also be another cause of infection.
- Environmental and administrative factors contributing to the exacerbation of infections, including heat stress resulting from poor ventilation or poor housing design. Improper disposal of dead animals increases environmental contamination with pathogens, accompanied by a lack of biological control programs to ensure the required biosecurity. Among the factors that increase the likelihood of infection is the high density of unplanned rearing.
- Absent of Government Intervention. There is a noticeable lack of official veterinary intervention in containing this recurring epidemic. Among the shortcomings are the lack of follow-up and the lack of development of programs and plans to limit the spread of this disease.
- Proposed Recommendations to Limit the Spread of H9:
- Thorough vaccination through scientific vaccination programs.
- Adopting vaccines from reliable sources.
- Ensuring proper vaccine distribution.
- Conducting periodic surveys and laboratory tests to detect early immunity levels.
- Projects should adhere to strict biosecurity measures, especially when entering new herds.
- National awareness and guidance campaigns should also be conducted.
- Finding ways to develop vaccine production projects compatible with the local strain, relying on one of the reputable companies specialized in this field.
