Heat Stress in Iraqi Poultry Farms: A Field-Based Applied Perspective Supported by International Sources
Dr. Majed Hamed Al Saegh / poultry pathologist / Australia
This report represents the culmination of years of practical experience and in-depth study. It aims to provide practical solutions supported by field evidence for the development of the poultry sector in Iraq.
Introduction
Heat stress is one of the most prominent challenges facing poultry production in Iraq, especially in light of the summer temperatures that exceed 50°C in some areas. This increase directly affects production performance, immune health, and vaccination efficiency, and leads to significant economic losses. Based on field experience in dealing with these conditions, along with a review of recent scientific literature, this report was prepared to provide practical solutions supported by international examples.
Bird Responses to High Heat
Birds lack a sweating mechanism and rely on panting as their primary means of reducing body temperature. In extreme heat conditions, panting frequency increases, movement decreases, and feed intake decreases, with feed consumption falling by up to 30%. Respiratory alkalosis caused by excessive panting also contributes to acid and electrolyte imbalances, which weaken immunity.
Environmental Cooling Solutions
Using simple and effective cooling methods can make a significant difference. Evaporative cooling panels used on several farms in the UAE and India have reduced barn temperatures by approximately eight degrees Celsius. The use of palm frond roofs or the installation of humidified jute curtains has proven effective in reducing temperatures on farms in southern Iraq. White paint on barn roofs also helped reduce solar heat absorption.
Feeding Management During Heat Waves
Adjusting feeding schedules to include protein-rich feed in the morning and energy in the evening helped improve feed conversion ratios. Introducing electrolyte and vitamin C supplements helped reduce the effects of heat stress, while the use of organic chromium with beta-glucan enhanced disease resistance in field trials.
Water Management and Line Sanitation
Providing cool, clean water is essential for reducing heat stress. Covering water tanks and using thermal insulation helped maintain relatively low temperatures. Weekly cleaning of drinking lines with hydrogen peroxide or acetic acid has reduced bacterial infections on several farms in central and southern Iraq.
Vaccination during high temperatures
It is important to schedule vaccinations in the early morning hours, ensuring that vaccines remain in the cold chain throughout transportation and use. Providing anti-stress agents such as vitamin C and natural immune stimulants before vaccination improves immune response and reduces complications.
Biosecurity and Disease Prevention
Limiting visitor access, providing special clothing and footwear for workers, and creating disinfection tunnels at barn entrances are essential measures. Implementing an “all in/all out” system has contributed to reducing respiratory disease rates, as documented in trials in Kenya and Brazil. Chlorine dioxide has also proven effective in disinfecting floors and water lines.
Ammonia Control and Litter Management
High levels of ammonia in barns can lead to mucous membrane irritation and respiratory complications. The use of ammonia binders in feed, such as BioCURB, has helped reduce concentrations and improve the environmental quality within the barn. Regular litter turning and the use of highly absorbent mulch are essential for maintaining cleanliness and reducing emissions.
Modern Technologies for Heat Stress Prediction
Adopting smart systems that combine weather data with internal barn indicators can help make proactive decisions. Experiments in India and Thailand used forecasting models that helped farmers implement preventative measures before heat waves. In Iraq, a simple application linked to weather stations can be developed to send alerts to farmers.
Conclusion
Heat stress is no longer a seasonal phenomenon, but rather a constant challenge that requires continuous action throughout the year. By adopting effective cooling strategies, tailored feeding, careful water management, strict vaccinations, and implementing biosecurity regulations, stable production can be achieved even under difficult climatic conditions. Combining field experience with scientific studies is the foundation for building successful management programs that can be implemented on the ground on Iraqi farms.
