{"id":4925,"date":"2026-09-13T10:06:49","date_gmt":"2026-09-13T07:06:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nahrainveterinary.com\/?p=4925"},"modified":"2026-09-13T10:12:35","modified_gmt":"2026-09-13T07:12:35","slug":"differentiating-between-beef-pork-and-donkey-meat-visual-inspection-and-laboratory-methods","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nahrainveterinary.com\/ar\/differentiating-between-beef-pork-and-donkey-meat-visual-inspection-and-laboratory-methods\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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13\/9\/2026<\/p>\n

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PCR \u062a\u0642\u0646\u06cc\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 Polymerase Chain Reaction \u2013 PCR \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 DNA \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Species-specific PCR \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d Multiplex PCR \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 Real-Time PCR (qPCR) \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0646 DNA \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 PCR-RFLP \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0648DNA barcoding\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629.
\n\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/strong>
\n\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0634 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 PCR \u0648Real-Time PCR\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634.<\/p>\n

\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Haider N., Nabulsi I., Al-Safadi B. (2012). Identification of meat species by PCR-RFLP of the mitochondrial COI gene. Meat Science, 90(2), 490\u2013493.<\/li>\n
  2. Kesmen Z., Gulluce A., Sahin F., Yetim H. (2009). Identification of meat species by TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay. Meat Science.<\/li>\n
  3. Ballin N.Z. (2010). Authentication of meat and meat products. Meat Science, 86(3), 577\u2013587.<\/li>\n
  4. Sentandreu M.A., Sentandreu E. (2014). Authenticity of meat products: Tools against fraud. Food Research International, 60, 19\u201329.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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