\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u062f. \u0646\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646\/ \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \/\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 - \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/p>\n

29-3-2026<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a (Radostits et al., 2007). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627 Escherichia coli\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 Rotavirus \u0648Coronavirus\u060c \u0648 \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u06a9\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0645 Cryptosporidium spp. (Merck Veterinary Manual, 2023\u061b Constable et al., 2017). \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u06ce\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0623\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636\u06cc\u0629 \u060c \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0637\u060c..). \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648 \u0628\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646). \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\uff11-\t \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n
Escherichia coli (Enterotoxigenic strains)<\/li>\n
Rotavirus and Coronavirus (viral enteritis)<\/li>\n
Cryptosporidium parvum<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u06cc\u0629) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0629) \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0648 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0625\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f (Radostits et al., 2007). \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a) \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636 (Constable et al., 2017) .<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n
\n
\u2022\t\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0623\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u06cc\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 (failure of passive transfer) (Smith & Sherman, 2009)<\/li>\n
\u2022\t\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647.<\/li>\n
\u2022\t\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0638 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u06cc\u0639 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u06cc\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b\u0629.<\/li>\n
\u2022\t\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u06cc\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n
\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0648\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u06cc\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637 \u0648 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a (Merck Veterinary Manual, 2023).<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4- \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u06cc\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u0642\u062f \u06cc\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0621 ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a) \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b (FAO, 2021). \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n
\n
\u2022\t\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 ( \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u06cc\u0629).<\/li>\n
\u2022\t\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062b ( \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062f\u0634 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a).<\/li>\n
\u2022\t\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 ( \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631).\n\u2022\t\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0623 ( \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0629 \u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u200c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u06cc\u0629).<\/li>\n
\u2022\t\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0638 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 ( \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u06cc\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0647\u064a \u0628\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627 E. coli \u0648Cryptosporidium parvum \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 (Constable et al., 2017\u061b Merck Veterinary Manual, 2023).<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
5.1 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639: \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0643\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u062e\u0628\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u064a (FAO, 2021).<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
5.2 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a: \u0644\u06cc\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u062d\u06cc\u062b \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n
\n
\u2022\t\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 (Merck Veterinary Manual, 2023)<\/li>\n
\u2022\t\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 Cryptosporidium<\/li>\n
\u2022\t\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
5.3 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646)<\/p>\n
\n
\u2022\t\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n
\u2022\t\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0623.<\/li>\n
\u2022\t\u0625\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629.\n\u2022\t\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0629 (WHO, 2020)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
5.4 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 E. coli \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b (WHO, 2020).<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
5.5 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n
\n
\u2022\t\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a (Constable et al., 2017)<\/li>\n
\u2022\t\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/li>\n
\u2022\t\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0621<\/li>\n
\u2022\t\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0623<\/li>\n
\u2022\t\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0635\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\uff16-\t \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0629 :<\/p>\n
\n
\u2022\t\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0623 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 2\u20136 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 (Smith & Sherman, 2009)<\/li>\n
\u2022\t\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n
\u2022\t\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0638<\/li>\n
\u2022\t\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n
\u2022\t\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n
\u2022\t\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\uff17-\t \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/strong><\/p>\n
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<\/strong><\/p>\n
references :<\/p>\n
\u2022\tRadostits, O.M. et al. (2007). Veterinary Medicine.<\/p>\n
\u2022\tConstable, P.D. et al. (2017). Veterinary Medicine: A textbook of the diseases of cattle, sheep, goats.<\/p>\n
\u2022\tSmith, M.C. & Sherman, D.M. (2009). Goat Medicine.<\/p>\n
\u2022\tMerck Veterinary Manual (2023). Neonatal diarrhea in ruminants.<\/p>\n
\u2022\tFAO (2021). Small Ruminant Health Management Reports.<\/p>\n
\u2022\tWHO (2020). Antimicrobial resistance and veterinary use guidelines.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4488,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[1,75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4841","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nahrainveterinary.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4841","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nahrainveterinary.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nahrainveterinary.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nahrainveterinary.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nahrainveterinary.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4841"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/nahrainveterinary.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4841\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4843,"href":"https:\/\/nahrainveterinary.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4841\/revisions\/4843"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nahrainveterinary.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4488"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nahrainveterinary.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4841"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nahrainveterinary.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4841"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nahrainveterinary.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4841"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}